INTRODUCTION:

“Breakfast a time to nourish, reset, aid, embrace the new day.”

Breakfast is referred to as the most important meal of the day. Researches defined it as the “first meal of the day that breaks the fast after the longest length of sleep and is consumed within 2-3 hours of awakening” and can be eaten anywhere. Nutrients and energy during the day are necessary and breakfast is taken as significant dietary source for energy¹. Young adults in the age group of 18-25 years are often the neglected group in any health or nutrition education as compared to children and adults. Young adults have habits of skipping meals especially breakfast. They like to eat snacks and fast foods rather than healthy food which increase the risk of weight gain among them. Children in many underdeveloped nations face a variety of health and dietary issues. 39% of 13 years old skip breakfast every school day, while 14.0% skipped breakfast on at least one school day².

According to Ayurvedic perspective, fasting is not recommended because it irritates vata, pitta, kapha and doshas. According to charaka, life or ayu is the samyog or combination of the body senses, the senses, the mind and the sole³. Ayurveda is the most sacred science to achieve benefits in this world and the world beyond. The Ayurveda diet is so healthy diet pattern that positively affects your body and mind simultaneously. The Three Doshas: Pitta (fire + water) this dosha has usually has a medium physical build, short temper and people with this dominant dosha may suffer from condition like indigestion, heart diseases, high blood pressure. This Dosha focuses on encouraging foods which have cooling effect. Vata (air + space) people with this dosha are generally thin with light frame and may struggle with digestive issue along with fatigue or anxiety when out of balance. This dosha favors warm and moist food. Kapha (earth + water) people with kapha dosha often have a sturdier frame and may have issues with weight gain, asthma, or diabetes.

This dosha favors fruits, vegetables and legumes. Fasting is not recommended in an Ayurvedic breakfast since it disturbs all the three doshas. Skipping breakfast directly attack one’s temper and results in irritability and unsettled emotion⁴. Ayurveda also says that fruit in the morning is very beneficial. This is the best time of day to get the maximum nourishment from fruits and vegetables. Cooked apple eaten first thing in the morning helps to create OJAS. OJAS is a vital energy that rules our immunity, strength and happiness three things we want to have abundance. Skipping breakfast has become the norm in modern day in India because of changes in family lifestyle. When this happens largely among children it can result in their suboptimal growth and development. Skipping breakfast may hinder child growth because the body is forced to call upon stores of protein to meet energy requirement⁵^. Behavior problem in children including decrease attention, irritability have been reported to be associated with the transient hunger resulting from skipping breakfast. Breakfast enhances cognition and academic performance. Providing breakfast to students at school has been reported to improve some cognitive function particularly in under nourish children. People who skip breakfast has an increased risk of having disease like diabetes mellitus, hypertension etc. As nutritionist Adelle Davis famously put it back in the 1960s “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper”.

NEED OF THE STUDY:

“Your diet is a bank account; good food choices are good investment”-Bethenny Frankel:

Breakfast skipping has become a trend nowadays especially Among nursing students due to various factors like lack of time, hurry, lack of appetite, late wake-up etc. And due to all these factors, it automatically affect their health however they all have the basic knowledge regarding the importance of breakfast but due to lack of time n all other factors they are unable to give proper time to their breakfast and it eventually affect their health and weaken their immunity⁶. And we all know nurses has to work on both community as well as clinical settings and deals with many health issues or problems and if their immunity is not good enough to fight against the disease then it eventually affect their health badly. So we selected this topic as our problem statement to create awareness regarding importance of breakfast and its positive effect on our health⁷.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

A pre- experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of Power Point Presentation on knowledge and attitude regarding breakfast skipping among nursing students of selected Nursing Institutes of District Chamba Himachal Pradesh.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the pre test knowledge score and attitude of nursing students regarding breakfast skipping at selected nursing institutes of District Chamba

2. To evaluate the effectiveness of PowerPoint Presentation regarding breakfast skipping.

3. To assess the post test knowledge score and attitude of nursing students regarding breakfast skipping at selected nursing institutes of District Chamba.

4. To find out the association of post test knowledge score among nursing students regarding breakfast skipping with demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H₀- There will be no significant difference between pre- test and post- test knowledge score of breakfast skipping among nursing students.

H₁- There will be significant difference between pre- test and post- test knowledge score of breakfast skipping among nursing students.

H₀- There will be no significant association of post- test knowledge score with demographic variables.

H₂- There will be significant association of post- test knowledge score with demographic variables.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH: Quantitative research approach

RESEARCH DESIGN: Pre-experimental research design

RESEARCH SETTING:

School of Nursing at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Chamba, Himachal Pradesh.

POPULATION:

Nursing students of selected nursing institutes of district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh.

ACCESSIBLE POPULATION:

Nursing students of School of Nursing at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Chamba, Himachal Pradesh.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

60 samples of nursing students and Probability sampling technique was used.

Criteria for Evaluation

S.No	Categories	Score	Categories	Score
	Knowledge Score		Attitude Score
1.	Excellent	31-45	Inadequate	1-33%
2.	Average	16-30	Moderate	34-66%
3.	Poor	0-15	Adequate	67-100%

RESULT- Section A: Findings related to socio-demographic characteristics of the samples.

Table: -1 Findings related to demographic characteristics:

Sr. No

Socio Demographic variable

Frequency(f)

Percentage (%)

Age of participants (in years)

17-18

18-19

19-20

20-21

16.6%

50%

33.4%

Religion.

Hindu

Muslim

Sikh

Other

91.6%

8.4%

Year of study.

50%

Place of Residence.

Hostel

Home

100%

Type of family.

Nuclear

Joint

Extended

100%

Education of Mother.

Illiterate

Primary

Senior Secondary

Graduate

50%

33.4%

16.6%

Occupation of Mother.

House maker

Private job

Govt. job

Business

75%

16.6%

8.47%

Occupation of Father.

Unemployed

Private job

Gov. job

Business

58.3%

28.3%

13.4%

Family Income (in rupees)

18000-20000/-

20000-30000/-

30000-40000/-

Above 40000/-

18.6%

41.6%

33.4%

8.4%

10.

Bed Time.

9pm-10pm

10pm-11pm

11pm-12am

After 12am

16.7%

66.6%

16.7%

11.

Awaking Time.

5am-6am

6am-7am

7am-8am

After 8am

11.6%

35%

53.4%

12.

Fasting Habit.

Weekly

Monthly

Occasionally

Never

6.6%

25%

51.6%

16.6%

13.

Knowledge regarding impact of breakfast skipping.

Yes

If yes, then source of knowledge

Internet

Family

Books

Friends

100%

SECTION: B

Table- 2: Finding Related to Pre-Test and Post Test Knowledge Score of Nursing Students Regarding Breakfast Skipping.

Level of knowledge

Pre-test score (%)

Post – test score

(%)

Excellent

Average

Poor

91.6%

8.4%

98.3%

1.7%

Table 3 Finding Related to Pre-Test and Post Test Attitude of Nursing Students Regarding Breakfast Skipping.

Level of attiude

Pre-test score (%)

Post – test score (%)

Inadequate

Moderate

Adequate

15%

78%

69%

28%

SECTION: C

Table 4 Findings of effectiveness of PowerPoint Presentation regarding Breakfast skipping.

Group	Paired T test Value	Degree of Freedom	Table value	Level of Significance
Nursing students Group	18.58	59	2.00	P>0.05

Fsindings of effectiveness of PowerPoint presentation self structured questionnaire score regarding knowledge of breakfast skipping.

The value of paired T-test was 18.58, degree of freedom was 59, table value was 2.00, value of significance is 0.05, Calculated T-test value is more them table value hence power point presentation was effective.

SECTION: D

Findings related to association between post-test knowledge score in self-structured knowledge questionnaire and socio-demographic variables:

Result revealed that there were significant association with occupation of father and Awaking time. There were no significant association with Age, Religion, Year of Study, Place of residence, Type of family, Education of mother, Occupation of mother, Education of father, Bed time, fasting habits, Knowledge regarding impact of breakfast skipping.

DISCUSSION:

Based on the objectives it was revealed that after power point presentation 98.3% had good knowledge and 28% has adequate attitude and 1.7% had average knowledge and 69% had moderate attitude regarding breakfast skipping.

CONCLUSION:

Breakfast is not merely sustenance but a culinary masterpiece to be savored”. Breakfast is known as the important meal of the day, it provide people fuel to begin their day. Breakfast consumption is an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle improving nutrient intake, provides energy for physical and cognitive function.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS:

A. Nursing practice:

Nurses are the backbone of the health care setup of any country. An implication for nursing practice derived from the study is to enhance the quality of life of nursing students and other people who have habit of breakfast skipping.

B. Nursing research:

The essence of research is to build a body of knowledge in nursing, present study adds to body of knowledge regarding breakfast skipping. The present study is helpful for the nursing professionals and nursing students to conduct further studies to assess the utilization of various teaching methods. It was also found that effective learning takes place in more creative and interesting environment.

C. Nursing education:

Nurse educator can make use of teaching methods to enhance their knowledge of student regarding breakfast skipping. Nurse educator should use the methods o teaching for effective learning as there are various new techniques used in teaching.

D. Nursing administration:

Administrators should encourage the students in workshops, seminars; regarding breakfast skipping and to update their knowledge. Nurse Administrators plays a vital role in supervision and management of nursing profession. Nursing personnel should encourage the other staff also to indulge in new learning activities through workshops to create awareness and knowledge.

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Received on 25.10.2024 Revised on 26.12.2024

Accepted on 01.02.2025 Published on 24.02.2025

Available online from March 17, 2025

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2025;15(1):31-34.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2025.00007

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